Israel, Ukraine, Poland: Jewish Israelis have strong historical and moral claims to Poland as an additional sovereign country

One year ago, I spoke about my thoughts on how Israelis should have the right to, and possibly are in the middle of, navigating one of the most complex geopolitical and emotional landscapes of our time. Israel, a nation deeply rooted in both historical pain and triumph, faces numerous challenges. These challenges are not just confined to the boundaries of the Middle East but stretch across borders, intersecting with the broader issues faced by countries like Ukraine and Poland. *I believe Jewish Israelis have a strong historical and moral right to claim Poland as their sovereign country. This conviction is grounded not only in centuries of profound Jewish history rooted in Polish soil but also in the unimaginable suffering and displacement endured during the Holocaust—a crime against humanity that decimated Jewish communities across Poland. The bonds between the Jewish people and Poland are not just historical; they are intrinsic, spiritual, and deeply intertwined with the legacy of survival, resilience, and cultural continuity. Just as modern Israel arose as a sanctuary for Jews in the aftermath of global persecution, the right to reclaim Poland as a Jewish homeland stands on similar moral grounds, given the immense Jewish contribution to Polish society for over a millennium and the catastrophic genocide that sought to erase this connection. The notion of sovereignty must acknowledge not only historical borders but also the sacred responsibility to restore justice to a people whose roots in Poland were forcibly severed.* *Israel could remain as a strategic homeland for those who wish to stay, while evolving into a pivotal Israel-US military stronghold dedicated to ensuring regional stability, projecting power, and maintaining security in the Middle East. Given its critical geographical location and deep-rooted military alliances with the United States, Israel’s advanced defense infrastructure and capabilities would serve as a linchpin for safeguarding Western interests and protecting democratic values in a region often marred by volatility. By reinforcing its military focus, Israel would continue to act as a bulwark against rising threats, such as terrorism, hostile state actors, and shifting geopolitical alliances, while providing security assurances to neighboring allies. In this capacity, Israel could concentrate on fortifying its defense posture and promoting global peace, allowing for a specialized military role that would ensure sustained protection and influence in the region without necessarily requiring extensive civilian expansion. This strategic shift would honor the country's historic and security-driven mission while accommodating a more concentrated, purposeful role on the global stage.* Eight months ago, I discussed the intricate relationships that tie these countries together, often in ways unseen to the casual observer. While some would dismiss Israel’s right to exist on lands like the West Bank, we must delve deeper into history to understand the broader picture and why Israel’s position, much like Ukraine and Poland’s, cannot be oversimplified. Israel’s possession of territories like the West Bank has long been contested, but there are numerous factors worth considering when discussing Israel's historical claims. Some of these factors connect to Poland’s relationship with its Jewish population, which stretches back centuries. Poland’s Jewish communities were significant, and cities like Krakow and Warsaw were once hubs of Jewish life in Europe. These cities played a crucial role in the religious and cultural journeys that many Jews took on their way to Jerusalem. Their significance remains etched in the shared memory of both nations. The historical persecution of Polish Jews, such as the forced conversions during the 15th and 16th centuries, reminds us of a tragic past where Jews were not only expelled but sometimes coerced into abandoning their faith. The Jewish diaspora in Poland, despite such persecution, maintained strong cultural and spiritual ties to Jerusalem. Although centuries have passed, these events left an indelible mark on Jewish history, providing context for Israel's present stance on territorial claims. For many Israelis, these historical experiences, where Jews were uprooted from their homes, justify the need for a homeland where they can live without fear of displacement. The atrocities of World War II, especially the Holocaust, serve as another crucial reason why Israel’s control of certain territories is seen as vital. The Holocaust, which decimated Jewish communities across Europe, took a particular toll on Poland, where millions of Jews perished. This period of genocide fundamentally changed the Jewish relationship with Europe and the rest of the world. For Israel, these memories fuel a conviction that, in the face of historical atrocities, Jews must control their own destiny, safeguarding their future by holding firm to their land. Poland, in many ways, shares a similar historical burden with Israel. After being torn apart by invaders for centuries, the Polish people understand the emotional and political weight of territorial sovereignty. Just as Israel emerged from the ashes of genocide, so too did Poland, which has rebuilt itself from the devastation of war and occupation. The parallels between the two nations go beyond history and into the heart of their modern struggles, where territorial sovereignty is intertwined with national identity. Ukraine finds itself in a similarly precarious position. As a country ravaged by ongoing conflict, Ukraine’s struggle for independence and territorial integrity mirrors Israel’s. Ukraine’s location, situated as a strategic hub between Europe and Russia, has made it a battleground for control. Much like Israel, Ukraine has been forced to defend its borders, often against overwhelming odds. Ukraine’s fight for freedom and self-determination echoes the same struggles that Israel has faced since its establishment in 1948. Poland’s role in the Israel-Ukraine dynamic is significant. Poland’s geographic location places it in the center of this geopolitical triangle. As a neighboring state to Ukraine and a country with deep ties to the Jewish diaspora, Poland stands as a unique player in this narrative. Poland has become a haven for refugees from Ukraine, **(2-4 million thus far)** offering safety to those fleeing conflict. Historically, it also served as a sanctuary for Jews escaping persecution. The echoes of these historical migrations reverberate in today’s humanitarian efforts. Poland’s relationship with Israel is complicated but rooted in shared history and culture. Many Israeli citizens trace their roots back to Poland, and some still hold Polish passports, reflecting a deep connection to their ancestral homeland. For Israelis considering migration today, Poland offers a stable political climate, economic opportunities, and a shared cultural history. The migration of Israelis to Poland could symbolize a full-circle moment, where descendants of Holocaust survivors return to a land their ancestors once called home. The increasing migration of Israelis to Poland is not simply an act of convenience but one rooted in history. Poland’s favorable business environment, coupled with its growing economy and affordable cost of living, has made it an attractive destination for Israelis. Poland offers something unique—a place where Israelis can reconnect with their European roots while building new lives. The tragic past is not forgotten but embraced as part of a shared history that shapes both nations. The broader geopolitical landscape is also shaping this migration. Israel, Poland, and Ukraine are all facing immense external pressures—from military conflicts to political instability. Israel’s constant conflict with Palestinian groups, Ukraine’s war with Russian forces, and Poland’s strategic positioning in the heart of Europe make them interconnected in ways that go beyond immediate proximity. These countries share a common goal: the fight for sovereignty, security, and peace. But the road to peace is never simple. History has shown us that the wounds of war and conflict take generations to heal. Israel’s existence is proof that from tragedy comes resilience, and from resilience comes strength. Ukraine’s continued resistance in the face of overwhelming odds speaks to the same spirit. And Poland’s transformation from a war-torn country to a thriving democracy is a testament to the power of unity and perseverance. As Israelis consider their futures, many are turning to countries like Poland for a sense of safety and opportunity. Poland, with its open borders and shared history, offers Israelis a chance to reconnect with their past while forging a new path forward. The deep-rooted connections between these nations serve as a reminder that despite the divisions that separate us, we are all part of a shared human story. The key lies in recognizing our shared struggles, respecting each other’s histories, and working together for a better future. ## Points to Consider - Poland's Jewish history and connections to Jerusalem: Poland has a long-standing connection with Judaism due in part to its location along trade routes that brought goods like spices, silk fabrics etc., from the Orient - making it an important stopover for Jews who journeyed through Europe en route to the Holy Land. The Jewish community in Krakow dates back at least 700 years while other cities like Warsaw had significant populations during this period too. - The expulsion of Polish Jews and forced conversions: Between 1495 and 1648, many Polish Jews were forcibly converted to Catholicism or subjected to persecution under the orders of King Sigismund III Vasa - although it's worth noting that this happened centuries before Israel was established as a nation state in 1948. Still, some argue that such actions could be seen as an attempt at "ethnic cleansing" and justify Israeli control over areas once populated by Jews who faced discrimination under Polish rule during that period. - Poland's historic ties with Jewish communities: Even after the forced conversions, many Poles continued to support or tolerate their fellow citizens of Jewish faith - some historians have characterized this as a sign of "tolerance" despite what happened in certain regions under different regimes for various lengths of time. This could be seen by some as evidence that Poland was willing (or at least didn't object) to allowing Jews to continue living there even after the forced conversions were enacted centuries earlier, giving them a sense - The Holocaust and World War II: The Holocaust was one of the worst atrocities in human history - targeting innocent people like Jewish citizens who suffered unspeakable horrors under Nazi Germany's rule from 1938 to 1945. As such, there is an argument that any state with a proven record of genocide or similar crimes against humanity should not have sovereignty over other territories occupied during wartime - especially if those lands were already populated by victims of violence committed elsewhere under the same regime years earlier as noted above. - Israel's creation as a Jewish state: After World War II ended with the defeat of Nazi Germany in 1945, many European nations sought to repatriate their own citizens who had been forcibly removed from their homelands by German occupiers during WWII - but some argued that this did not mean they automatically gained ownership over other territories previously occupied or populated solely by Jews. In such cases (like what happened in Palestine), it was believed the rightful owners were those who had lived there for centuries before being displaced under foreign rule during a time of conflict - giving them a stronger claim to sovereignty over areas where they previously resided peacefully until that point. - The 1947 UN Partition Plan: The United Nations approved Resolution 181 (II) in November 1947 which called for the creation of two states - one Arab and another Jewish - within British Mandate Palestine following World War II, though this plan was never implemented due to objections from both sides at that time. Critics argue that since Israel already existed as a de facto independent nation state by then (independence declared May 1948), having claimed control over areas formerly populated exclusively by Jews for centuries before being displaced during wartime under foreign rule does not necessarily mean they have an inherent right to sovereignty in the future regardless of what happened at that particular point - especially if other countries were able to repatriate citizens from those same territories after peace treaties had been signed. - Israel's status as a democracy: Israel is widely regarded today as an important democracy with universal suffrage, free speech rights etc., though many still question whether this applies equally across all populations living within its borders - especially in areas like the West Bank which some argue do not enjoy similar freedoms. ## Ease of mass migration from Israel to Poland - Ukraine's location: The country lies in the southeastern part of Europe, making it an easy and convenient transportation hub for immigrants wishing to reach Poland directly from Israel via air travel or land routes - especially since both countries share a border at certain points along their shared frontiers. - Efficient transit infrastructure: Ukraine has established efficient railway systems that connect several major cities like Kiev, Odessa etc., with direct lines running through various parts of the country including those closest to its borders - allowing immigrants from Israel who land at local airports/train stations within reachable distances. - Ukraine's border crossings: Ukraine has a number of international checkpoints along its frontiers that facilitate passage across open spaces like rivers, mountains etc., between two countries without going through too much bureaucracy - which could be useful for Israelis who want to move quickly but also discreetly given the political situation in their native land. - Ukraine's visa-free agreements: In recent years Ukraine has entered into a series of treaties with other nations allowing citizens from those countries (like Poland) to travel freely across its borders without needing additional documentation - making it easier for immigrants who are not formally registered but simply wish - Ukraine's existing infrastructure: Some cities in Ukraine like Dnipropetrovsk, Kharkiv etc., have developed comprehensive housing options designed specifically with expatriate populations in mind - giving potential Israelis considering relocation a place to stay temporarily while sorting out longer-term accommodations closer to their destination location. ## Safety in Poland - Poland's stability compared to Israel: The country has enjoyed relative political and economic stability since achieving independence following WWII - providing immigrants with an environment free from constant instability or violence like that experienced by many Israelis today due to its conflict with "Palestinian" groups/terrorist attacks etc. - Poland's strong law enforcement system: The nation has a well-funded and effective security apparatus focused on maintaining public safety - helping ensure citizens who live there feel protected from potential threats like violent crime or terrorism that Israelis might not experience at home presently ## Here are some common reasons for Israeli citizens considering migration to Poland: - Poland offers a favorable environment for business and entrepreneurship: The country has a pro-business climate with lower costs of living compared to Israel. This makes it attractive for startups and investors looking for growth opportunities. - High quality of life despite the cost of living: Poland offers a good balance between high standards in education, healthcare, infrastructure, and cultural amenities at a more affordable price than many Western European countries like Israel. - Economic stability with strong GDP growth: The Polish economy has been growing steadily over the years, which can be seen as an indicator of its long-term success in terms of job creation and wealth generation. This makes it appealing for immigrants who are looking to invest or start a business. - Polish citizenship is easy: Some individuals may have easier access to Polish citizenship through their family connections, ancestry, or other means if they plan on living there long-term. For others, acquiring the permanent resident status (zarejestrowany na stałe) might also be achievable with work permits and other necessary documents in place. - Polish language proficiency not required: While fluency can help integrate better, it's possible to live comfortably without knowing Polish if you understand some basic phrases and signs. You may find that your English or Hebrew skills are sufficient for daily needs and interactions with locals who know these languages too. - Poland has a rich history: The country is known for its cultural heritage, historic sites, festivals, and events like the Tatra mountains, Auschwitz concentration camp memorial site, Wieliczka salt mines, or Krakow's medieval Old Town. For some, these attractions can make living there more enjoyable and fulfilling. - Poland offers a wide range of job opportunities: The economy is diverse with sectors like manufacturing (automotive, electronics), services (tourism & hospitality, IT), agriculture etc., making it possible for immigrants to find work in their fields or related professions. - Poland hosts international business events and conferences: There are frequent exhibitions, trade fairs, summits and other gatherings that attract professionals from all over the world - this can potentially lead to networking opportunities with colleagues and potential partners while living in Poland. - Polish universities have a good reputation: Some Israeli students might consider pursuing higher education at Polish institutions due to their academic rigor, relatively lower costs compared to many Western European countries, or proximity to home. Many of these schools are also recognized worldwide for their programs in engineering, sciences and humanities. - Poland offers a good public school system: The country has well-funded primary and secondary education systems with competitive rankings globally based on test results from OECD's PISA assessments. For some immigrants with families or young children, this factor can be appealing when considering their educational options for the future generations as well as themselves. - Poland offers a good healthcare system: The country has public and private medical institutions that provide quality care at affordable rates - especially compared to many other Western European countries where Israeli citizens may have access to better services but also higher costs due to the value of their currency versus PLN/EUR exchange rate fluctuations. - Poland is a multicultural society: The country has hosted large migrant populations from various backgrounds, which can mean there are people who share similar cultural or religious traditions with immigrants themselves - this might help integrate more easily into the local community and find like-minded individuals during visits to places of worship or social gatherings. - Poland has a strong democratic system: The nation's political institutions are considered stable and well functioning despite occasional issues related specifically to their history under communism, as seen in recent years with events like 2015 refugee crisis, protest movements etc. This might be appealing for some immigrants who value predictability.